Potential Mechanisms of the SARS-CoV-2-induced AKI Progression to CKD: A Forward-Looking Perspective

Authors

  • Zeinab Karimi Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Author
  • Fatemeh Masjedi Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Author
  • Leila Malekmakan Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Author
  • Aida Doostkam Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Author
  • Jamshid Roozbeh Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Author
  • Nasrollah Ghahramani 2Penn State College of Medicine Division of Nephrology, Hershey, PA, United States Author

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) was identified in December 2019 and is still expanding in most parts of the world. The wide variety of affected organs is likely based upon the shared expression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) important entry-receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). For this reason, the broad distribution of ACE2 receptors in different tissues plays a crucial role in the multi-organ dysfunction and fatality due to COVID-19. Because of the high prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19, we review the molecular understanding into viral infection mechanisms and implications for AKI. Furthermore, mechanisms of the AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, such as the relative contribution of immune cell reaction, fibroblasts activation, endothelial dysfunction, and subsequent hypoxia may contribute to the association of AKI with worse outcomes during this virus pandemic. We highlight the state of the knowledge on SARS-CoV-2-dependent mechanisms for AKI and list the potential management choices for the prevention of AKI aggravation and the impending possibility of CKD. Finally, we intend to provide a much better understanding of why Coronavirus induces AKI and its subsequent progression to CKD in the coming years and further discuss the acute and long-term renal consequences.

DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.6311

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Author Biographies

  • Zeinab Karimi, Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
    Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  • Fatemeh Masjedi, Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
    Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  • Leila Malekmakan, Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
    Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  • Aida Doostkam, Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
    Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  • Jamshid Roozbeh, Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
    Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  • Nasrollah Ghahramani, 2Penn State College of Medicine Division of Nephrology, Hershey, PA, United States
    Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

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Published

2021-07-19

Issue

Section

REVIEW | Kidney Diseases

How to Cite

Potential Mechanisms of the SARS-CoV-2-induced AKI Progression to CKD: A Forward-Looking Perspective. (2021). Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases, 15(4), 243-255. https://www.ijkd.org/index.php/ijkd/article/view/6311

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