Lifestyle Modifications to Prevent and Control Hypertension

Authors

  • Fariba Samadian Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Author
  • Nooshin Dalili Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Author
  • Ali Jamalian Department of Cardiology, Lavasani Hospital, Tehran, Iran Author

Abstract

Hypertension is the most important, modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. High salt intake may predispose children to develop hypertension later. A modest reduction in population salt intake worldwide would result in a major improvement in public health. Regarding smoking as another risk factor, there are various strategies that can be used to promote smoking cessation. Physicians are in an excellent position to help their patients stop smoking. Targeted weight loss interventions in population subgroups might be more effective for the prevention of hypertension than a general-population approach. A diet rich in high-potassium fruit and vegetables is strongly recommended. Fresh products are best; normal potassium content is reduced when foods are canned or frozen. Calcium supplementation reduces blood pressure in hypertensive individuals during chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition and high calcium diet enhances vasorelaxation in nitric oxide-deficient hypertension. Magnesium should be considered by anyone seeking to prevent or treat high blood pressure. The foundation for a healthy blood pressure consists of a healthy diet, adequate exercise, stress reduction, and sufficient amounts of potassium and magnesium, but further investigations are required before making definitive therapeutic recommendations on magnesium use. Alcohol usage is a more frequent contributor to hypertension than is generally appreciated. For hypertensive patients in whom stress appears to be an important issue, stress management should be considered as an intervention. Individualized cognitive behavioral interventions are more likely to be effective than single-component interventions.

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Author Biographies

  • Fariba Samadian, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
    assisstant proffessor of nephrology , labbafinejad hospital, SBMU
  • Nooshin Dalili, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
    assisstant proffessor of nephrology , masih daneshvari hospital, SBMU
  • Ali Jamalian, Department of Cardiology, Lavasani Hospital, Tehran, Iran
    interventional cardiologist head of lavasani hospital

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Published

2016-10-03

Issue

Section

REVIEW | Kidney Diseases

How to Cite

Lifestyle Modifications to Prevent and Control Hypertension. (2016). Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases, 10(5), 237-263. https://www.ijkd.org/index.php/ijkd/article/view/2725

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